Microplastics are small plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size that originate from the breakdown of larger plastic debris, synthetic fibers, and microbeads found in personal care products. They have become ubiquitous in various environments, including oceans, rivers, soil, and even the atmosphere. Their occurrence is alarming, as microplastics have been detected in marine life, drinking water, and food sources, raising significant concerns about their potential impact on human health.

Quantifying microplastics poses challenges due to their small size and diverse forms. Analytical techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are commonly used for identification and quantification. Recent advancements in methodologies allow for more accurate detection and differentiation of microplastic types in environmental samples.

The adverse health effects of microplastics are still being studied, but preliminary research indicates potential risks, including inflammatory responses, toxicity, and bioaccumulation in human tissues. Microplastics can act as carriers for harmful chemicals and pathogens, which may further exacerbate health issues. As awareness of microplastics grows, it is crucial to understand their sources, distribution, and health implications to mitigate their impact on public health and the environment.